mov eax, [ebp-8] ; load a add eax, [ebp-12] ; add b mov [ebp-16], eax ; store to t1
The back-end takes the IR and maps it onto the target machine. It performs optimization and generates the final assembly or machine code. The back-end is language-independent but machine-dependent.
Loops are the hot path. Identifying natural loops (a back edge plus its header) is essential for loop-invariant code motion and strength reduction.