Bio Practical -2024- Itap Original Here

Be prepared to explain safe practices for using stains like Safranine or handling sharp needles.

One of the most common mistakes students make is relying on outdated practical books or "guess papers." The tag specifically highlights the need for the current year's official lab manual. Bio Practical -2024- ITAP Original

For each spot, the ITAP Original requires: . Be prepared to explain safe practices for using

Extract DNA from common plant materials like spinach, green pea seeds, or papaya. Extract DNA from common plant materials like spinach,

| Mistake | Consequence | Fix | |---------|------------|-----| | Thick peel/ section | Cannot see cells clearly | Cut as thin as possible | | Air bubbles under coverslip | Distorted view | Lower coverslip at 45° angle | | No staining | Cells are invisible | Always stain for 2-3 min | | Wrong magnification | Unable to identify structures | Start with 10x, then 45x | | Missing labels in diagram | Marks deducted | Label cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, etc. |

Identifying stages like Metaphase II in onion bud cells or grasshopper testes to visualize chromosome alignment. 3. Disease & Microscopy (The "Spotting" Section) Pathogen Identification: Familiarization with specimens such as (roundworm), Plasmodium (malaria parasite). Chromosomal Abnormalities: