Ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and London dispersion forces.
$$ \Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S $$
Problem: Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M HF solution (Ka = 6.8 × 10⁻⁴). Step 1: Write the equilibrium... Step 2: Set up ICE table... Step 3: Solve for x using approximation (check 5% rule)... general chemistry 2 notes pdf
: Understanding the forces (dipole-dipole, London dispersion, hydrogen bonding) that dictate the properties of liquids and solids, including viscosity, surface tension, and vapor pressure. Step 2: Set up ICE table
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$$E_cell = E^\circ_cell - \frac0.0592n \log Q \quad (at\ 298K)$$