is a position that accepts the human use of animals, provided that their suffering is minimized. It is a "humane use" philosophy.
: Pragmatic improvements to living conditions, such as larger cages, better veterinary care, and stunning before slaughter. is a position that accepts the human use
A hybrid capabilities approach (Nussbaum, 2006) offers a way forward: list central capabilities (life, bodily health, play, practical reason) that animals should be able to exercise, without necessarily granting full legal personhood. This allows for differentiated protection across species while avoiding the all-or-nothing binary of property vs. person. such as larger cages
Furthermore, AI and drone surveillance are revealing the horrors of factory farms to a global audience. The "meat paradox"—loving animals but eating them—is being exposed as unsustainable. better veterinary care