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If you are not Microsoft, you cannot send email from @hotmail.com. Any attempt will fail SPF and DMARC with a -all hard fail.
In the world of cybersecurity, 2021 was a significant year for "COMB" (Compilation of Many Breaches), where massive text files ( .txt ) containing billions of email and password pairs were circulated on underground forums [3, 4]. The -hotmail.com syntax is often used as a search operator to Hotmail addresses from a list, likely by someone looking for specific domains (like corporate or government emails) or trying to clean a dataset for a targeted campaign [5, 6]. The Story: The "COMB" of 2021
To see exactly what a 2021 record looked like, you can query historical DNS databases (like SecurityTrails or DNSdumpster) or use current queries (understanding that records may have slightly changed since 2021). Here is how:
: This specific leak led to a surge in account takeovers throughout 2021, as many people reuse the same passwords across multiple platforms [3, 11]. How to Check if You Were Involved -hotmail.com txt 2021
If you landed here, you likely needed to:
Here are some reasons why TXT records are significant in 2021:
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Over the years, Hotmail underwent significant changes, including a rebranding to Outlook.com in 2012. Today, Outlook.com is one of the most popular email services in the world, with millions of users relying on it for their personal and professional communication.
Need help debugging a specific deliverability issue with Hotmail? Use the comment section below or contact a deliverability specialist.
: Excludes specific terms. In this case, -hotmail.com ensures that no results containing "hotmail.com" appear. If you are not Microsoft, you cannot send
In 2021, you would have seen the strict -all and p=reject values.
However, the core philosophy——has only intensified.