RAPTOR is a flowchart-based programming environment, designed specifically to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid syntactic baggage. RAPTOR programs are created visually and executed visually by tracing the execution through the flowchart. Required syntax is kept to a minimum. Students prefer using flowcharts to express their algorithms, and are more successful creating algorithms using RAPTOR than using a traditional language or writing flowcharts without RAPTOR.
Are you interested in running RAPTOR on Chromebooks, iPads, or just in a browser? Check out the pre-release here!. This is NOT fully tested. Send feedback via
A Multiplatform version of RAPTOR is now available for Windows, Mac and Linux built on top of [Avalonia]! See the downloads section below. Uses fonts from Noto Sans CJK for internationalization. Key differences:
Figure 1 RAPTOR for Windows
Figure 2 RAPTOR Avalonia
Papers on RAPTOR application:
RAPTOR referenced in following books or publications:
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Episode 61 is essential for viewers because it shifts the narrative from internal grief to external conflict. It forces Aditya and Zoya to rely on each other entirely, setting the stage for their eventual transition from "co-victims" of betrayal to a unified front against a common enemy.
Episode 61 of Bepannah serves as an emotional watershed—transforming two wounded strangers into reluctant allies. It demonstrates how serialized television can achieve narrative depth through patience, symbolism, and performance nuance.
: Zoya faces a "new beginning." Despite her family's concerns over her health and emotional state, she prepares for a significant next step in her life, though she deeply misses Aditya's presence. Incriminating Evidence
Aditya and Zoya enter the wedding ceremony with the mindset of concluding a temporary charade. However, the atmosphere quickly shifts when Rajveer’s hidden agenda comes to light. Rajveer's excitement during the ceremony foreshadows the impending doom for the duo.
to see the outcome of the court case, or are you looking for a specific scene breakdown
Before the final pheras (wedding vows), a group of media reporters ambushes the ceremony, accusing them of murdering their late spouses, Yash and Pooja.
By Episode 60, Aditya and Zoya had moved from bitter hatred to a fragile, uneasy partnership. They discovered that the car crash might not have been an accident. Suspicions began pointing toward Yash (Zoya’s brother-in-law) and Anjana (Aditya’s sister). Episode 60 ended on a cliffhanger: Aditya found a critical piece of evidence linking the brake failure to tampering, and Zoya overheard a suspicious phone call in the Hooda mansion.
Bepannah is often praised for its high production values and the chemistry between and Jennifer Winget . Episode 61 is representative of the show's "new age romantic story" style, where romance is born out of shared grief rather than traditional tropes. Critics note that the show excels at blending mystery with intense emotional beats, making these courtroom-adjacent episodes feel as high-stakes as the central mystery itself. Where to Watch Bepannah - Season 1 • Episode 61 - Plex
Episode 61 is essential for viewers because it shifts the narrative from internal grief to external conflict. It forces Aditya and Zoya to rely on each other entirely, setting the stage for their eventual transition from "co-victims" of betrayal to a unified front against a common enemy.
Episode 61 of Bepannah serves as an emotional watershed—transforming two wounded strangers into reluctant allies. It demonstrates how serialized television can achieve narrative depth through patience, symbolism, and performance nuance.
: Zoya faces a "new beginning." Despite her family's concerns over her health and emotional state, she prepares for a significant next step in her life, though she deeply misses Aditya's presence. Incriminating Evidence bepannah episode 61
Aditya and Zoya enter the wedding ceremony with the mindset of concluding a temporary charade. However, the atmosphere quickly shifts when Rajveer’s hidden agenda comes to light. Rajveer's excitement during the ceremony foreshadows the impending doom for the duo.
to see the outcome of the court case, or are you looking for a specific scene breakdown Episode 61 is essential for viewers because it
Before the final pheras (wedding vows), a group of media reporters ambushes the ceremony, accusing them of murdering their late spouses, Yash and Pooja.
By Episode 60, Aditya and Zoya had moved from bitter hatred to a fragile, uneasy partnership. They discovered that the car crash might not have been an accident. Suspicions began pointing toward Yash (Zoya’s brother-in-law) and Anjana (Aditya’s sister). Episode 60 ended on a cliffhanger: Aditya found a critical piece of evidence linking the brake failure to tampering, and Zoya overheard a suspicious phone call in the Hooda mansion. By Episode 60
Bepannah is often praised for its high production values and the chemistry between and Jennifer Winget . Episode 61 is representative of the show's "new age romantic story" style, where romance is born out of shared grief rather than traditional tropes. Critics note that the show excels at blending mystery with intense emotional beats, making these courtroom-adjacent episodes feel as high-stakes as the central mystery itself. Where to Watch Bepannah - Season 1 • Episode 61 - Plex
Do you want more older versions? Check out older versions of RAPTOR here
Did you know RAPTOR has modes? By default, you start in Novice mode. Novice mode has a single global namespace for variables. Intermediate mode allows you to create procedures that have their own scope (introducing the notion of parameter passing and supports recursion). Object-Oriented mode is new (in the Summer 2009 version)
RAPTOR is freely distributed as a service to the CS education community. RAPTOR was originally developed by and for the US Air Force Academy, but its use has spread and RAPTOR is now used for CS education in over 30 countries on at least 4 continents. Martin Carlisle is the primary maintainer, and is a professor at Texas A&M University.
Below handouts are by Elizabeth Drake, edited from Appendix D of her book, Prelude to Programming: Concepts and Design, 5th Edition, by Elizabeth Drake and Stewart Venit, Addison-Wesley, 2011. Linked here with author's permission.
Comments, suggestions, and bug reports are welcome. If you have a comment, suggestion or bug report, send an email to .
David Cox has put together a user forum at http://raptorflowchart.freeforums.org. This provides a place for users to exchange ideas, how tos, etc. Note however, that feedback for the author should be sent by email rather than posting on this forum.
Randy Bower has some YouTube tutorials at http://www.youtube.com/user/RandallBower. You can also search YouTube for "RAPTOR flowchart".
The UML designer is based on NClass, an open-source UML Class Designer. NClass is licensed under the GNU General Public License. The rest of RAPTOR, by US Air Force policy, is public domain. Source is found here. RAPTOR is written in a combination of A# and C#. Unfortunately, I don't have the time to provide support on compilation issues