: The foundational strategy was to stay independent of Cold War power blocs while protecting sovereignty and fostering rapid economic development. Conflicts and Peace with Neighbours :
Rather than joining the US-led or Soviet-led military blocs, India chose a middle path.
When India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it was not just born into freedom but into a world divided by the Cold War. The leaders of the newly independent nation faced a critical question: Should India align with the US-led capitalist bloc, the Soviet-led communist bloc, or carve out a separate path?
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These notes cover the foundational principles of India’s foreign policy, the role of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the Non-Aligned Movement, the conflicts with neighbors, and the evolution of policy in the post-Cold War era.
In 1954, India and China signed a treaty on Tibet. Nehru outlined five principles, known as , to govern international relations: